Wider Listening

Wagner- The Ring Cycle uses a recurring theme known as a leitmotif to express the valkire

Stravinsky -

• Rite of Spring uses sudden dynamic changes to reflect ritual and violence,

• Rite of Spring uses advanced instrumental markings and expressions

Beethoven's Symphony No.1 in C Major first movement - Uses a slow introduction with unclear tonality

Berlioz - Harold en Italie also uses an Idee fixe depicting his travels to the montains

Beethoven's “pathetic” uses uses sonata form and a slow grave introduction

Vaughan Willams' 'Bredon Hill' (end) - also uses a shocking Silent bars

Beethoven – Symphony No. 6 in F major (Pastoral) . homophonic texture yet some polyony,counterpoint,functional harmony,clear tonal center